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Transcript

"The Inherent Limits of Pretrained LLMs: The Unexpected Convergence of Instruction Tuning and In-Context Learning Capabilities"

Generated below podcast on this paper with Google's Illuminate.

Instruction tuning bridges base model gaps but stays bound by pretraining priors.

The paper investigates the correlation between the performance of instruction-tuned and base LLMs, concluding that instruction tuning does not introduce fundamentally new capabilities but extends base model performance based on pretraining priors and instruction-tuning data.

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Solution in this Paper: 👨‍🔧

→ The paper compares base and instruction-tuned models across tasks using LLaMA-2 and other LLM families.

→ It introduces methods like the SampleGen model for generating in-context examples, analyzing generalization and task-solving independently.

→ Results are benchmarked across tasks included and excluded from instruction-tuning datasets, revealing limitations tied to pretraining priors.

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https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.08716

Original Problem: 🤔:

→ LLMs struggle with some tasks solvable by children and their capabilities remain unpredictable across task complexities.

→ The impact of instruction tuning on LLMs' inherent limitations is poorly understood, leading to questions about its role in expanding model abilities.

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Key Insights: 💡

→ Instruction tuning enhances model understanding of prompts but does not remove base model limitations tied to pretraining data.

→ Performance correlation exists between instruction-tuned and base models across diverse tasks, even when confounding factors are controlled.

→ Instruction tuning improves generalization to new tasks but relies heavily on priors from pretraining data.

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Results:

→ Instruction-tuned models correlate significantly with base models, with Spearman's r = 0.851.

→ SampleGen-Pipeline demonstrates enhanced generalization but fails on tasks outside pretraining priors.

→ Out-of-distribution tasks see no improvement over base model performance.